基于互协方差稀疏重构的MIMO雷达低仰角估计算法

针对低空目标仰角估计时, 多径信号间的混叠严重影响雷达的测角性能的问题, 基于压缩感知理论的波达方向(direction of arrival, DOA)估计算法与多输入多输出(multi-input and multi-output, MIMO)雷达体制结合起来共同进行低空目标DOA估计的研究, 提出了一种基于互协方差矩阵稀疏重构的MIMO雷达低空目标DOA估计算法。首先, 对MIMO雷达多径接收信号广义匹配滤波后的虚拟矩阵向量化处理, 并针对向量化后虚拟孔径扩展带来运算量大的缺点, 通过降维处理来减少运算量; 然后利用多快拍数互协方差矩阵中的噪声独立不相关的优点, 降低噪声影响, 提高算法估计性能; 最后转化为凸优化问题进行稀疏恢复。仿真结果表明算法在直达信号与多径反射信号相互削弱的情况下, 仍能有效估计低空目标的仰角, 较L1-SVD和L1-SRACV算法对低空目标具有更好的仰角估计性能。     

罗伯特·安格斯·史密斯:英国有毒气体污染治理的奠基者

罗伯特·安格斯·史密斯是19世纪著名的化学家和环境学家,他担任了英国中央碱督察局第一任首席督察官,填补了督察局检查程序和工作风格的空白,提出"最佳实用方法"进行盐酸减排,强调督察员与碱业制造商的良好关系,以化学技术和咨询手段管控制碱业,有效减少有毒气体盐酸的排放,平衡污染治理与经济发展之间的关系。此外,史密斯还发现并命名了"酸雨",指出有毒气体二氧化硫的巨大危害,利用化学方法分析降水成分,对化学气候学做出开创性的贡献。     

稳金融背景下的大学生财经素养通识教育模式研究：基于大学生使用互联网消费信贷产品的调查

随着经济的发展,互联网消费信贷产品所占市场份额也快速扩大。随着大学生可支配资金越来越多，其使用互联网信贷产品的基数、频率也在快速上升，引发各类大学生金融风险事件层出不穷。本文在“稳金融”的国家战略发展理念下，以当前互联网生态和财经通识教育现状为出发点，通过调查大学生使用互联网消费信贷产品的现状，发现大学生财经素养缺失可能会给国家金融稳定的可持续性带来严峻挑战，由此提出“三元?三层?三导”的高校财经素养通识教育优化方案。     

论人工智能的政治哲学反思窘境

人工智能引发了诸多反思,但其中少有政治哲学的声音,其缘由在于政治环境与人工智能两者的特点:引发人类生死存亡忧思的超级人工智能会摧毁形成政治的环境;自主人工智能会引发道德主体资格的反思,而准自主人工智能引发当下的道德原则是否根本的追问,但只有当两类人工智能实际参与人类生活后,这两者才能获得具体的实质结论。     

String theory,Einstein, and the identity of physics: Theory assessment in absence of the empirical

String theorists are certain that they are practicing physicists. Yet, some of their recent critics deny this. This paper argues that this conflict is really about who holds authority in making rational judgment in theoretical physics. At bottom, the conflict centers on the question: who is a proper physicist? To illustrate and understand the differing opinions about proper practice and identity, we discuss different appreciations of epistemic virtues and explanation among string theorists and their critics, and how these have been sourced in accounts of Einstein's biography. Just as Einstein is claimed by both sides, historiography offers examples of both successful and unsuccessful non-empirical science. History of science also teaches that times of conflict are often times of innovation, in which novel scholarly identities may come into being. At the same time, since the contributions of Thomas Kuhn historians have developed a critical attitude towards formal attempts and methodological recipes for epistemic demarcation and justification of scientific practice. These are now, however, being considered in the debate on non-empirical physics.     

基于自然边界元的一类拟线性问题的数值算法

基于自然边界归化原理，利用非重叠型区域分解算法（即Dirichlet-Neumann交替算法）研究了长条形区域拟线性方程问题.在得到椭圆人工边界上的自然积分方程后，构造出相应的交替算法，并根据非线性算子的特性，证明了算法在连续和离散条件下的收敛性.数值实例的结果表明，算法是可行且有效的.     

基于自注意力机制的科技术语自动提取技术研究

科技术语提取是科技术语自动处理的重要环节,对后续的机器翻译、信息检索、QA问答等任务有重要意义。传统的人工科技术语提取方法耗费大量的人力成本。而一种自动提取科技术语方法是将术语提取转化为序列标注问题,通过监督学习方法训练出标注模型,但是面临缺乏大规模科技术语标注语料库的问题。文章引入远程监督的方法来产生大规模训练标注语料。另外又提出基于自注意力机制的Bi-LSTM的模型架构来提高科技术语提取结果。发现新模型在发现新的科技术语的能力上远远优于传统机器学习模型(CRF)。     

数控机床故障分析与可靠性评价技术的研究

针对传统数控机床可靠性建模时只考虑故障间隔时间而忽略故障性质的现象，提出兼顾机械故障和电气故障的混合威布尔分布模型，进而提高模型准确度.利用最大似然法来确定混合威布尔分布模型参数，用皮尔逊相关系数来确定数控机床各故障时间之间的关系.并通过K-S方法对模型进行检验， 最后确定其符合混合威布尔分布，并运用可靠性评定方法得出数控机床的平均无故障时间.     

Ordinary language philosophy,explanation, and the historical turn in philosophy of science

Taking a cue from remarks Thomas Kuhn makes in 1990 about the historical turn in philosophy of science, I examine the history of history and philosophy of science within parts of the British philosophical context in the 1950s and early 1960s. During this time, ordinary language philosophy's influence was at its peak. I argue that the ordinary language philosophers' methodological recommendation to analyze actual linguistic practice influences several prominent criticisms of the deductive-nomological model of scientific explanation and that these criticisms relate to the historical turn in philosophy of science. To show these connections, I primarily examine the work of Stephen Toulmin, who taught at Oxford from 1949 to 1954, and Michael Scriven, who completed a dissertation on explanation under Gilbert Ryle and R.B. Braithwaite in 1956. I also consider Mary Hesse's appeal to an ordinary language-influenced account of meaning in her account of the role of models and analogies in scientific reasoning, and W.H. Watson's Wittgensteinian philosophy of science, an early influence on Toulmin. I think there are two upshots to my historical sketch. First, it fills out details of the move away from logical positivism to more historical- and practice-focused philosophies of science. Second, questions about linguistic meaning and the proper targets and aims of philosophical analysis are part and parcel of the historical turn, as well as its reception. Looking at the philosophical background during which so-called linguistic philosophers also had a hand in bringing these questions to prominence helps us understand why.     

人工智能:统治人类还是服务人类?——基于历史唯物主义的思考

人工智能引起了社会各界的高度关注,并正在广泛而深刻地影响着社会生活。人们在享受人工智能带来的好处和便利的同时,也对人工智能的风险产生了巨大的担忧。人工智能究竟会统治人类还是服务人类?历史唯物主义为这个问题提供了一个独特的思考视角。从历史唯物主义的视角看,人工智能的本质是人的本质力量的对象化,是人类实践活动的成果。人工智能的活动与人的活动有本质的区别,它不会实践,因而人工智能不是人,更不会全面超越人类和统治人类。人工智能的益处和风险均来自于其应用,而其应用又从根本上取决于其所处的社会生产方式。故人工智能究竟是全面服务人类还是给人类带来风险,从根本上取决于生产方式。